- Markets, finance and governance
- Government initiatives and regulations
- Indian Government initiatives: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA or SBM) and others
- Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?
Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?
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- csk
-
Topic Author
- I work on the toilet, sanitation, biogas, FSM, environmental science and engineering, and I hope to contribute to the toilet revolution in China and in the global. I am happy to share Chinese WASH story.
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Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

Is there anyone who can answer me?
Thanks in advance.
Shikun CHENG, Ph. D
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Associate professor, Ph.D
Center for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation (CSES)
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB)
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Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

The Clean India Drive is split up into rural and urban. I am guessing for the rural part it's twin pit pour flush pit latrines. For the urban part my guess is: flush toilets connected to septic tanks plus fecal sludge treatment plants or sewers and wastewater treatment plants. Am I right?
We have some documents about the SMB in the SuSanA library. I put "swachh" into the search field and found these 29:
www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resource...title=&author=&year=
For example this one looks promising:
Jacob, N., Saxena, S., Shahpuri, A., Nath, V. (2017). Swachh Bharat: Vision to Mission. India Sanitation Coalition and Sustainable Sanitation Alliance
www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resource...library/details/2777
I hope this helps to prompt further replies in this thread!
Regards,
Elisabeth
P.S. I still have this dream to get a better Wikipedia article about SBM. So far it looks like this: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_mission
Independent consultant located in Ulm, Germany
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Twitter: @EvMuench
Founder of WikiProject Sanitation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sanitation
My Wikipedia user profile: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:EMsmile
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

Actually this book might help with your question about which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM):
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India (2015). Technological Options for Solid and Liquid Waste Management in Rural Areas - Swachh Bharat Mission (GRAMIN). Government of India
www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resource...library/details/2322
Does it?
Elisabeth
Independent consultant located in Ulm, Germany
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Twitter: @EvMuench
Founder of WikiProject Sanitation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sanitation
My Wikipedia user profile: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:EMsmile
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?
1. Mostly after a lot of deliberation, most of the NGO and social sector organisations recommend the twin pit toilets
2. Dry type no flush toilets etc are not much actively promoted as local woater sources are good most of the places
3. the biodigester type toilets are also popular in hilly areas but the maintenance in terms of dosing of bacteria etc is not well managed.
If you can elaborate on "type" of the toilet I can help with more local user research
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?
Here is the report: niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document...t_vS8-compressed.pdf
With few piped systems working as efficiently as hoped, it means that pour/flush toilets are having an increased work load on, particularly, women and girls, as they have to collect the water from communal standpipes. During summer droughts this means there is often no water to use in the toilets and this causes some to return to OD. With 92 million new toilets constructed, and assuming that the average usage is four persons and they use a minimum of 500 ml to flush, that is an extra 184 million litres of water needed daily. More consideration should have been given to dry toilets.
Forgive me, those that know me are aware that this is a thorny issue for me!
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

Faecal Sludge & Septage Management in India: Journey towards SDG 6.2
Prof. V. Srinivas Chary
fsm5.susana.org/images/FSM_Conference_Ma...---19-2-2019-3pm.pdf
It says in there:
The national government has identified
treatment as the next big challenge, post ODF,
as evidenced by key sub-missions under flagship
government schemes.
That's good (and should have been obvious from the start...).
I have two questions:
(1)
About this statement: "Eight States have been certified as 100% ODF". How reliable is this kind of data, given that e.g. a city like Mumbai has been declared as 100% ODF simply by ignoring all the people living in slums (??). See e.g. here: forum.susana.org/india/23031-un-ihe-delf...tion-in-mumbai#27156
(2)
Could someone tell us more about the practical workings of the NFSSM Alliance (National Faecal Sludge and Septage Management Alliance)? For example, do they also have a website and discussion forum?
Regards,
Elisabeth
Independent consultant located in Ulm, Germany
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Twitter: @EvMuench
Founder of WikiProject Sanitation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sanitation
My Wikipedia user profile: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:EMsmile
- csk
-
Topic Author
- I work on the toilet, sanitation, biogas, FSM, environmental science and engineering, and I hope to contribute to the toilet revolution in China and in the global. I am happy to share Chinese WASH story.
Less- Posts: 41
- Karma: 1
- Likes received: 14
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

I just read the PPT, and I have some questions. Do you have email of Prof. V. Srinivas Chary?
I can't find on internet. I am interested in National Urban Sanitation Policy-2030 (Draft). I hope to know more.
Kind regards
Cheng
Associate professor, Ph.D
Center for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation (CSES)
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB)
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

Chary's email is This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
The government has been agnostic to toilet technology but has backed the twin leach pit mostly. However, more than a third of rural toilets use some sort of storage, misnamed as septic tanks. The rest are twin leach pits, single leach pits or some other variation. Ecosan has been a non-starter.
Hope this helps.
Regards
Nitya
- csk
-
Topic Author
- I work on the toilet, sanitation, biogas, FSM, environmental science and engineering, and I hope to contribute to the toilet revolution in China and in the global. I am happy to share Chinese WASH story.
Less- Posts: 41
- Karma: 1
- Likes received: 14
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

Thanks for your reply. I appreciate it so much.
Regards
Cheng
Associate professor, Ph.D
Center for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation (CSES)
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB)
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
- paresh
-
- Budding WASH researcher, especially interested in governance, public policy, finance, politics and social justice. Architect, Urban & Regional planner by training, Ex. C-WAS, India. I am a patient person :)
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Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

I'll try to answer your two questions:
I think there is a broad agreement that none of the states is ODF. The local governments declared themselves ODF once they achieved their construction targets. The states declared themselves ODF once all the LGs declared themselves ODF. The Prime Minister in his speech on 2nd Oct 2019 didn't declare India ODF instead said (very strategic selection of words)(1) About this statement: "Eight States have been certified as 100% ODF". How reliable is this kind of data, given that e.g. a city like Mumbai has been declared as 100% ODF simply by ignoring all the people living in slums (??). See e.g. here: forum.susana.org/india/23031-un-ihe-delf...tion-in-mumbai#27156
Hopefully the next Census will reveal the true picture. That said, there is no denying that India accelerated access to toilets through SBM.“Today, rural India has declared itself open defecation-free. ” (Source: The Hindu )
My understanding is that the Alliance has been formed by the BMGF with all their grantees and other donor and international organisations. It does have a website and the Secretariat is hosted by Dasra. I am not sure if they have an online discussion forum, but certainly have internal communication channels. BMGF grantees also come together annually. Recordings of 2019 meeting are available on Dasra's YT channel here:(2) Could someone tell us more about the practical workings of the NFSSM Alliance (National Faecal Sludge and Septage Management Alliance)? For example, do they also have a website and discussion forum?
I'll also try to get somebody to tell us more about NFSSM Alliance and its working.
Regards
paresh
Researcher at Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay, India
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Wikipedia: Sparsh85
Co-moderator of this discussion forum
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?

Are the biodigester toilets funded under the SBM? I have been looking to see if there are any known subsidisation/funding links between the domestic biogas programme (and the subsidies provided if toilets are connected 164.100.94.214/biogas ) and the SBM subsidies? I can't find any information that biogas toilets are subsidised under SBM?
If you have any knowledge of this and could pass it on that would be great.
Thank you so much!
Natalie
Investigating the social and cultural barriers that affect the acceptance of human excreta as a source of biogas and agricultural fertiliser and how pathways to acceptance can be forged.
Interested in the intersection of energy and sanitation : )
Re: Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?


On the document here ( mnre.gov.in/img/documents/uploads/77e0a4...974a0429d1e39001.pdf ) it says that the NNBOMP can be co-implemented alongside the SBM but not what that entails?
Thank you!
Natalie
Investigating the social and cultural barriers that affect the acceptance of human excreta as a source of biogas and agricultural fertiliser and how pathways to acceptance can be forged.
Interested in the intersection of energy and sanitation : )
- Markets, finance and governance
- Government initiatives and regulations
- Indian Government initiatives: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA or SBM) and others
- Which toilet types are promoted in India under Clean India Mission (SBM)?