Faeces is fresh organics removed from human body, it has property of degrading. In case of faecal sludge it comes from different onsite systems, where degradation, mineralisation and consolidation has occurred. So they are composting will be totally different as C:N ratio and organic matter content will be different.

Right, I understand now. So how are you contrasting faeces composting and faecal sludge composting?

Exactly!
Those all are sewage sludge, it is totally different from Faecal sludge.
Faecal sludge is the human waste decomposed in onsite system, where as sewage sludge is product of conventional sewer system. I am looking for literature specific to Faecal sludge composting.
Thanks for the response.

Ok well I see hundreds of papers when I use "sludge" and "composting".

link to search .

Thanks for your response, Jeoturner.

I am specifically looking for treatment of Faecal Sludge (not faeces) by co-composting. I have tried those journals and with different key words.

Hello Chandana - it is quite hard to help you given that you are not very clear what it is that you are looking for.

That said, there are many research papers looking at composting faeces with a range of other materials. Is it possible that you are looking for "co-composting" and missing papers that do not have this in the title?

Have you investigated journals like "Compost Science and Utilisation" which include papers on many different kinds of composting?

Good luck, I'm sure that there are a large number of papers to find and read.

Hi all,

I am Chandana, a PhD student, working on FSM problems and providing a appropriate solution to it. I was doing literature review on FSM CO-Composting treatment. I could find limited information, mainly SANDAC work as listed below.

- Cofie, O.O., et al., Solid-liquid separation of faecal sludge using drying beds in Ghana: implications for nutrient recycling in urban agriculture. Water Res, 2006. 40(1): p. 75-82.

- Kone, D., et al., Helminth eggs inactivation efficiency by faecal sludge dewatering and co-composting in tropical climates. Water Res, 2007. 41(19): p. 4397-402.

- Cofie, O., et al., Co-composting of faecal sludge and organic solid waste for agriculture: process dynamics. Water Res, 2009. 43(18): p. 4665-75.

- Book: Faecal Sludge Management-Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation

I want to do a comparison study on different parts of FSM solutions, If anyone have any reference papers on co-composting of FS. Please provide me.

Thanks in advance
Chandana