I believe the link to this publication has changed. I found it here. Looks like an interesting report.

www.waterlex.org/new/wp-content/uploads/...latingWastewater.pdf

"The publication says that freshwater quality is declining around the world, due to large releases of untreated wastewater into receiving streams (true for Pakistan), as well as failure to reuse treated wastewater. It notes that low-income countries treat as little as 8 per cent of wastewater, while in North America, 75 per cent of wastewater is treated, but only 3.8 per cent is reused.”

So called treated waste water is a contributor as well if we consider the frequent failures but even more so that the serious pollution is now typically measured in up to parts per trillion (PPT). This would support the use of systems that do not use water for transportation at all … we need to seriously support the principle of a waterless toilet, type www.smarttoilet.se


So why might we think that a dry toilet could ever replace WCs (flush toilets). Well, it will only happen if the Flushless toilets are preferred by users. So how could we do that ? We have set these design criteria … none of the senses should be offended by the user experience allowing even for some differences in taste ... that means:
1. Eyes: It must be a pleasing design without any offensive visual impressions
2. Nose: It must not smell ... not on arrival, not during use and leaving no odor behind.
3. Taste: Bad odors make us nauseous and must not be present ... inside or outside
4. Ears: It must be quiet and not wake us up especielly not at night
5. Touch: The seat is warm so it doesn't shock the user, especially not in cold rooms.

I just came accross a pretty interesting document in a lonely thread and I thought it is worth sharing it in here (original location: forum.susana.org/component/kunena/165-ce...licies-and-standards):

F H Mughal wrote:

Good Practices for Regulating Wastewater Treatment: Legislation, Policies and Standards

The Global Wastewater Initiative has launched a publication, captioned: ‘Good Practices for Regulating Wastewater Treatment: Legislation, Policies and Standards.' The publication was launched at the World Water Week in Stockholm, Sweden.

The publication gives an overview of wastewater legislation adopted by various countries, provides suggestions for wastewater management reform, and outlines standards for the operation and maintenance of wastewater facilities. The publication reviews water for irrigation, biogas for electricity and fertilizer for agriculture. The best practices in wastewater treatment around the world, given in the book, include innovations such as the development of artificial wetlands in conjunction with wastewater treatment ponds.

The publication says that freshwater quality is declining around the world, due to large releases of untreated wastewater into receiving streams (true for Pakistan), as well as failure to reuse treated wastewater. It notes that low-income countries treat as little as 8 per cent of wastewater, while in North America, 75 per cent of wastewater is treated, but only 3.8 per cent is reused.

The publication is available at:

unep.org/gpa/documents/publications/Good...latingWastewater.pdf

F H Mughal

The Global Wastewater Initiative has launched a publication, captioned: ‘Good Practices for Regulating Wastewater Treatment: Legislation, Policies and Standards.' The publication was launched at the World Water Week in Stockholm, Sweden.

The publication gives an overview of wastewater legislation adopted by various countries, provides suggestions for wastewater management reform, and outlines standards for the operation and maintenance of wastewater facilities. The publication reviews water for irrigation, biogas for electricity and fertilizer for agriculture. The best practices in wastewater treatment around the world, given in the book, include innovations such as the development of artificial wetlands in conjunction with wastewater treatment ponds.

The publication says that freshwater quality is declining around the world, due to large releases of untreated wastewater into receiving streams (true for Pakistan), as well as failure to reuse treated wastewater. It notes that low-income countries treat as little as 8 per cent of wastewater, while in North America, 75 per cent of wastewater is treated, but only 3.8 per cent is reused.

The publication is available at:

unep.org/gpa/documents/publications/Good...latingWastewater.pdf

F H Mughal