Hi Tanja,

We are doing something similar with Oxfam in the Philippines.* we are about to start a septage management fund for local government to draw on to build a basic disposal site and buy one truck for desludging of septic tanks. Then over 5 years they pay back the money as well as expanding the services from rates paid to the municipality. We are about to launch the programme so will only have some useful feedback in a few months.

Esther

* See here on the discussion forum: forum.susana.org/forum/categories/164-fi...y-in-the-philippines

Thank you for starting this important list, Christoph. It is very interesting to see the sector increasingly focusing on building services models, with all the challenges associated with not only establishing it, but keeping it running in the long-term. I am currently doing a PhD about governance of urban sanitation service delivery in Indonesia and am very interested in this space.

To your point Elisabeth - where is local governments? I agree - this is one of the fundamental questions that should be asked sooner rather then later. In Indonesia there is currently a push for motivating and assisting local governments in setting up desludging services for private households and businesses with septic tanks. These efforts are (of course) an initiative by an international NGO, but focus is on building the capacity of local governments and supporting them in setting up and running the services.

I also find it important to question the current focus on sludge removal services. Many other sanitation related services could be imagined. In my PhD I e.g. focus more on O&M components, which, especially in the case of communal systems, could be imagined as a service.

I add two examples from Indonesia and Malaysia. The Indonesia example describes an initiative to setting up a local government run urban desludging service. The Malaysia case is an example of how a well evolved service model looks in a country that recently was battling a major sanitation crisis, but managed to turn it around quite dramatically.

Indonesia
iuwash.or.id/wp-content/uploads/download...PTD-PAL-Bogor-EN.pdf

Malaysia
www.iwk.com.my/v/customer/services

Hi

Id like to add another model to the list. The attached paper is from a programme in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, where franchising was used as an approach to O & M of latrines. Disposal methods varied between deep row entrenchment and disposal into local WWTP.

The programme currently has 22 small business operators servicing school toilets across 4 educational districts and in 2 municipalities. While the programme is predominantly running in 3 rural districts, East London Educational District is a densely build up urban area. In these locations the model has to adapt from Pit latrines to water borne. Generally the O and M needs are of a different nature in this case requiring the skills of a plumber to tighten washers and replace cisterns. However the model is equally adaptable to both rural ad urban situations.

Esther

Thanks for that useful compilation. In Tanzania we (WaterAid) also have a model with gulper & tricycles currently being replicated, see www.wateraid.org/news/news/the-urban-sanitation-business and a presentation at the 15th SanCoP www.susana.org/en/cop/sancop-uk/2014

Rémi

Dear Christoph,

This list that you put together (Overview on service models or fecal sludge emptying and treatment for dense urban areas) could potentially be very useful.

As I wrote here on the forum, something that I realised again while attending the FSM3 conference in Hanoi is "where is the local government in all of this, i.e. in faecal sludge management; should we really leave the field just to NGOs and small or large businesses?" (see: forum.susana.org/forum/categories/142-up...the-urban-poor#11901)

I also remember a point made by a sanitation expert at Asian Development Bank: "Show me working examples of FSM in cities, show me bankable projects where we as ADB could get involved with our funding mechanisms..".

So anyway, I think your list could be quite important (and should perhaps be converted into something more accessible or structured, like you said). If it's made into a table then we could have a column to indicate whether it includes local government as a leader or not.

For now, I have put it in alphabetical order, tidied it up a little bit and added the example of ONAS in Senegal to it (and removed the one from Eawag in Senegal because that was just a research project).

++++++++++

Bolivia:
UDDTs and composting (NGO driven)
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34-uri...el-alto-city-bolivia

Or
www.susana.org/library?search=elalto

Cameroon
Not sure how far this project went:
www.splash-era.net/srp_mafady.php

Ghana
WSUP Clean Team:
imaginationforpeople.org/en/project/ghanasan/

From SPLASH project:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...n-sub-saharan-africa
www.sandec.ch/forschung/sandec/gruppen/E...ts_ewm/fame/index_EN (link not working, need to check)

Haiti:
SOIL (no active local government involvement):
www.forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34...san-toilets-in-haiti

And related to it is this one:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...nford-university-usa

India
Water for People:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india

Community sanitation for urban slums:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...esearch-orissa-india

Kenya
Not sure if this project went very far?
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...nd-wsp-nairobi-kenya

UBSUP with Water Services Trust Fund:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...p-wstf-and-giz-kenya

MoSan:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/52-mob...ll-service-provision

Malawi
Faecal sludge transport:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...awi-mzuzu-university

is this the same project?
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india

Water for People:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india

Mozambique
SPLASH project:
www.iwahq.org/261/themes/urban-sanitatio...itiative/splash.html (link not working, check)

Peru:
X-Runner, small pilot:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/52-mob...iloting-in-lima-peru

Water for People:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india

Rwanda
Water for People:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india

Senegal
ONAS and faecal sludge management:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...tion-processing#5057

South Africa
Durban UDDTs
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34-uri...here-in-south-africa

Umhlatuzi Municipality (Richmonds bay), Buffalo City Municipality (East London area), Winterveld Municipality:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34-uri...in-south-africa#4435

Uganda
Water for People and funding from WRC (SRFA project):
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...nihub-project-uganda

Also Water for People:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india

and another one??
www.sandec.ch/forschung/sandec/gruppen/E...ts_ewm/fame/index_EN (link not working, need to check)

in the same Splash another group
www.nadel.ethz.ch/forschung/u-act

Zimbabwe
WRC research project:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...neficiation-zimbabwe

(I don´t know if the above mentioned are service models or just providing the toilet. But at least it seems to be a municipal provider which does take the charge.)

+++++++++++++

Perhaps this is useful and could be built upon.

Hi,
I tried to compile a list I came to 24. Could you all please check and correct and complete?
The Idea is ONLY projects which have a clear service model in mind. For me the minimum criteria are: Or a water / sanitation provider takes the charge to provide the service or any kind of private organization ist trying to set up a service model. This list is not only about toilets or sludge treatment. The aim is Service Models.
There might be some which are just sludge removal from a technical stand point, please remove these from the list and indicate it to me that I can correct this post.
Here we go:
Ok I will try to put together some of the projects I see here on Susana or know off. I thought of a table as the next step or a map.
Peru:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/52-mob...iloting-in-lima-peru
and
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india
Haiti:
www.forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34...san-toilets-in-haiti
I think this is the same project, another angle?
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...nford-university-usa
Bolivia:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34-uri...el-alto-city-bolivia
Or
www.susana.org/library?search=elalto
Kenya
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...nd-wsp-nairobi-kenya
a second
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...p-wstf-and-giz-kenya
a third
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/52-mob...ll-service-provision
Ghana
imaginationforpeople.org/en/project/ghanasan/
a second
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...n-sub-saharan-africa
www.sandec.ch/forschung/sandec/gruppen/E...ts_ewm/fame/index_EN
Senegal
www.sandec.ch/forschung/sandec/gruppen/E...ts_ewm/fame/index_EN
Cameroon
www.splash-era.net/srp_mafady.php
Malawi
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...awi-mzuzu-university
is this the same project?
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india
Uganda
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...nihub-project-uganda
is this the same project ?
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india
and another one??
www.sandec.ch/forschung/sandec/gruppen/E...ts_ewm/fame/index_EN
in the same Splash another group
www.nadel.ethz.ch/forschung/u-act
Rwanda
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india
Malawi
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india
Mozambique
www.iwahq.org/261/themes/urban-sanitatio...itiative/splash.html
India
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...-malawi-uganda-india
and a second
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/97-ena...esearch-orissa-india
South Africa
Durban
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34-uri...here-in-south-africa
Umhlatuzi Municipality (Richmonds bay), Buffalo City Municipality (East London area), Winterveld Municipality
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/34-uri...in-south-africa#4435
Zimbabwe
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...neficiation-zimbabwe
I don´t know if the above mentioned are service models or just providing the toilet. But at least it seems to be a municipal provider which does take the charge.

Cheers
Christoph

Hello-
You might be interested in our post:
Solutions For Pit Desludging And Subsequent Sludge Management In Low Income Urban Settlements in Malawi

forum.susana.org/forum/categories/99-fae...zuzu-university#6138

Best of luck.

Dear all,

I don´t know how you are on track. For myself I have to say I lost the overview a bit in the last months. There are so many activities side by side, all focused on “non sewer” service model aspects. It is just great. Seems to be that the onsite sanitation models come to be somewhat “main stream”? At least there are much more attempts to get new ideas going to serve low income, dense urban areas as in former years.

I tried for myself to make a list which is done where, by whom, with what focus and what size and which donor. No way! I got lost. There must be at least (maybe much more) about 15 to 20 projects concerning service models and at least 15 - 20 concerning fecal sludge removal and treatment? What do you think?

Therefore I thought by myself it might be a good idea to collect the basic information about these data and somehow compare the projects, establish contacts in between them. The thought came to me when I read about the new project Splash .
Probably somebody has done it already or is doing it. Would it be possible to share the information?

It might enhance direct contacts between groups with the same/similar focus.

Yours
Christoph