Hello Eng. kasoma, my names are Sibanyama Christopher a student at levy mwanawasa medical university with a student number 24003930. Zambia just like other developing countries in Africa and the rest of the developing world still experiences challenges in feacal sludge management (FSM). FSM refers to the collection, treatment and disposal of feacal sludge from onsite sanitation facilities(septic tanks and pit latrines) (LinkedIn 2025).however the adoption of this practices has faced issues including institutional and regulatory issues lack of clear policies, regulations and stiff enforcement of existing regulations has led to failure for communities to adopt to FSM practices(LinkedIn 2025). Infrastructure has also led to the failure of FSM because of limited availability of facilities for treatment and disposal of feacal sludge. Finance has also limited the implementation of the FSM due to high costs in the implementation and maintenance of FSM, limited funding in the allocation of FSM programs has also led to failure of the program. Similarly the adoption of citywide sanitation inclusion(CWSI) in Zambia also faces the same constraints for its implementation, CWIS in Zambia was launched by the national water supply and sanitation council(NWASCO) to provide guidelines on the regulation of urban onsite sanitation and feacal sludge management however its implementation has faced numerous challenges such as institutional capacity, financial constraints and social and cultural barriers has failed the adoption of CWIS  as some communities are resisting to change their sanitation practices.(NWASCO 2025). Pit emptying is one of the critical trades in the provision of public health services, hence pit emptiers are involved in the provision of onsite sanitation emptying services for the community to avert waterborne and faecal oral diseases they also provide collection, transportation and disposal of faecal sludge from sanitation facilities (Zambia qualifications authority 2016). Pit emptiers face numerous plights these include health risks such as exposure to toxic gases like methane and infectious diseases like cholera. Pit emptiers also face psychological trauma and stress due to their nature of their work. Most pit emptiers are self-empowered with limited access to resources such as protective gear and limited access to health care and training and support (occupational health risks of pit emptiers in low income countries-2020).In conclusion addressing the constraints of feacal sludge management and promoting city wide sanitation inclusion requires a multi-faceted approach, this includes enhanced policy development and implementation.

Dear Colleagues in Zambia pursing Bachelor in Environmental Health at the Levy Mwanaawasa Medical University, describe the issues surrounding the adoption of faecal sludge management and the city wide inclusive sanitation ,also highlight the plight of Pit Emptiers. Ensure your articles are well researched and peer reviewed by your classmates or colleagues.
Thank you for your contribution in ensuring safe sanitation services for all.
Regards
Kasoma