In Zambia, we’re beginning to see how inclusive Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) models can make sanitation systems more equitable and sustainable. These approaches go beyond technology they ensure that low-income communities, sanitation workers, and local enterprises are all part of the solution.A good example is the FSM Action Research Project in Lusaka, implemented by Catalyst Development (CaDev) with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The project tests and compares emptying and transport technologies to identify affordable, safe, and scalable solutions for underserved areas. It also works closely with local authorities to formalize service providers, improve worker safety, and integrate FSM into city systems.Key points include:• Affordability and inclusion: Tiered pricing models ensure even low-income households can access safe emptying services.• Worker dignity: Mechanized tools and licensing frameworks reduce health risks and increase professionalism.• Evidence for scale: The research-action model provides data to guide policy and future investment.• Local ownership: Implementing through a Zambian social enterprise (CaDev) grounds innovation in real community contexts.Ultimately, Zambia’s experience shows that innovation in sanitation isn’t just about technology it’s about designing services that work for everyone, especially the most vulnerable.