Thanks Neil for this heads up on the Graham/Collignon briefing in connection with the risks surrounding AMR and inadequate WASH systems. 

Indeed the risks surrounding spreading of super-bugs through dysfunctional and non-existent sewage treatment systems and even drinking water systems compose a certain threat with signs of this already occurring. Three years ago some of the evidence was presented here on the SuSanA Forum: forum.susana.org/254-micro-pollutants-ph...we-get-this-so-wrong

The gravity of this situation goes beyond one's imagination in that 4.5 billion people lack safe sanitation systems. www.who.int/news-room/detail/12-07-2017-...20WHO%20and%20UNICEF.

Add the aspect of seasonal flooding in various parts of the world where combined sewage systems overflow and expose large numbers of people to resistant pathogens and we can see that humanity is ill-prepared for such water-borne epidemics.   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6057621/

Regards

I am forwarding this from the AMR-NAP discussion forum:

'To coincide with the launch of the new WHO/FAO/OIE  Technical brief on water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and wastewater management to prevent infections and reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publ...s-and-reduce-amr/en/) David Graham and Peter Collignon have released a brief that discusses the possibility of increased AMR following the COVID-19 pandemic. The brief focuses on efforts to reduce antibiotic use through water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements, alongside governance around pollution and wastewater management in LMICs.  theconversation.com/scientists-around-th...next-pandemic-115246