I am not part of that group but I am UCL civil engineering student specialising in environmental systems. But I know Dr Campos from lectures I have attended to.

Thanks for the links provided. I will look into effluent sewers in more detail.

Are you part of the group at University College London around Luiza Campos ("Modelling the next generation of sanitation systems")?
See also:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/105-pr...llege-london-uk#4741

And the "effluent sewer" (or solids-free sewer) technology is also something that comes to mind, are you looking at that, too?

See e.g. here on Wikipedia:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effluent_sewer

(not yet a great article but at least I added the Sandec Compendium schematic to it and added some hyperlinks)

Dear Elisabeth,

Thanks for your reply. I will take a look at the link provided for centralised/decentralised systems definition.

At this stage I am looking at appropriateness of decentralised/centralised systems. The area I am concentration on has risk of flooding so when combined with a sanitation system I am looking at the risks involved.

The current off site sanitation is very limited so when using a sanitation system I also want to make maximum use of gravity and minimum use of energy for pumping.

What I mean with transition is that I want to provide a way to improve the current on site sanitation system which in future could be easily implemented into a sewage network. For example I am considering the effectiveness of receiving bays, stations where pit emptiers can discharge into a sewer.

Hope this provides a clearer idea of what I am trying to do.

As I said before I am still gathering as much information as possible so I can in the coming days study in more detail a sanitation system using a simulation model software.


Regards

Paul

Dear Arno,
Thanks for the link. much appreciated

Dear Paul,

Could you provide more details to your research questions? I don't really understand what you meant with

I have seen different types of sanitation systems in decentralised areas but I have problems adapting or making that transition to a centralised off site system.

What is your definition of a "centralised off site system", you mean simply a sewer and treatment plant?
Perhaps this thread could be helpful about the definition of centralised and decentralised systems:
forum.susana.org/forum/categories/166-de...ed-sanitation-system

Maybe if you provide more information and context about what you are trying to do and how, we can help you better. Certainly sounds like an interesting topic.

Your final goal is to have households as part of a sewage network? What "transition" is possible there? Either the pipes are in the ground or not, I don't see much option for staging or transition there, except for connecting one neighborhood after the other...

Regards,
Elisabeth

Try looking at the EAWAG Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies.

www.eawag.ch/forschung/sandec/publikatio...ompendium_e/index_EN

Hi All,
Working on my Master's project focusing on the transition from on-site to off-site sanitation systems. Seeing the increasing number of people without adequate sanitation in many cities in Africa I am working on economically viable short term solutions (probably between 2-3 years) which can be later transitioned to more permanent solutions (households being part of sewage network). I have seen different types of sanitation systems in decentralised areas but I have problems adapting or making that transition to a centralised off site system.

Any advice on this topic would be much appreciated.

Thanks