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VUNA - Valorisation of Urine Nutrients in Africa (EAWAG, Switzerland, and South Africa)
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Re: Evaluation of an automated struvite reactor to recover phosphorus from source-separated urine
Evaluation of an automated struvite reactor to recover phosphorus from source-separated urine collected at urine diversion toilets in eThekwini
The details are below and the journal Water SA provides free access to the papers, so no paywall to worry about:
Grau, MGP, Rhoton, SL, Brouckaert, CJ and Buckley, CA. (2015) Evaluation of an automated struvite reactor to recover phosphorus from source-separated urine collected at urine diversion toilets in eThekwini. Water SA Vol 41 No 3, pp383 - 389. dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i3.10
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www.wrc.org.za/Pages/Preview.aspx?ItemID...2015%2526start%253d1
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www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20I...33%20%20abstract.pdf
ABSTRACT
In the present study we attempted to develop a reactor system to recover phosphorus by struvite precipitation, and which can be installed anywhere in the field without access to a laboratory. A reactor was developed that can run fully automated and recover up to 93% of total phosphorus (total P). Turbidity and conductivity signals were investigated as automation proxies for magnesium dosage, thus making laboratory phosphate measurements to determine the exact magnesium dosage unnecessary. Conductivity is highly influenced by the dosing parameters (molarity and pump speed) and turbidity is affected by particle size distribution issues. Algorithms based on both conductivity and turbidity signals were not able to detect the precipitation endpoint in real time. However it proved possible to identify the endpoint retrospectively from the conductivity signal, and thereafter to dose an algorithm-calculated volume of urine to use up the excess magnesium dosed.
Keywords: struvite precipitation, human urine, turbidity, conductivity, automation, magnesium dose, VUNA
Another note by moderator (EvM):
Proud to see my paper from 2001 about struvite crystallisation cited in this paper - look for Munch and Barr (2001).
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You need to login to reply- ben
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Re: VUNA - Valorisation of Urine Nutrients in Africa (EAWAG, Switzerland, and South Africa)
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This project is a great reference. This is an amazing seed that you just shared with us, I have no doubt that a lot of practicioners will start growing trees out of this research all around the world.
Looking forward to be in 10 years time, when there will be nitrification reactors just everywhere !
Best,
Ben
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You need to login to replyRe: VUNA - Valorisation of Urine Nutrients in Africa (EAWAG, Switzerland, and South Africa)
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We are happy to announce that the final report of the VUNA Project is now accessible on www.vuna.ch
The final report gives a concise and quick overview of all activities within the VUNA Project:
Urine treatment processes
- Complete nutrient recovery
- Nitrification
- Distillation
- Electrolysis
- Struvite precipitation
- Process control
Risks of using urine
- Removing pharmaceuticals
- Inactivating pathogens
- Fertiliser trials
- Optimising urine collection
- Performance modelling
- Social acceptance
- Campaigning for health and hygiene
- Incentives for urine production
- Business model
We thank all sponsors for the financial support and guidance. The VUNA Project was initiated by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which also provided most of the funding. Additional funding was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the United States National Science Foundation, and the project partners. We also thank all researchers, field workers, laboratory and administrative staff for their great commitment to the project.
Best regards
Teddy Gounden, Bastian Etter and Kai Udert
Process Engineering
Dübendorf, Switzerland
Recover nutrients!
www.vuna.ch
On-site treatment going to extremes: www.bluediversiontoilet.com
On the bookshelf: Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management
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You need to login to replyRe: VUNA - Valorisation of Urine Nutrients in Africa (EAWAG, Switzerland, and South Africa)
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The urine processor is very useful. I need it.
best regards
Sott
Chen Xiang Yang, an apple dealer,is growing apples and cherries with the human waste collected from 31 school UDDTs donated by SOHO China Foundation, based in Tianshui City, Gansu Province , China. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., tel:0086 151 9380 3972
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You need to login to reply- winniek
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- preparing to start up a nitrification reactor for human urine
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Process Engineering
Dübendorf, Switzerland
Recover nutrients!
www.vuna.ch
On-site treatment going to extremes: www.bluediversiontoilet.com
On the bookshelf: Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management
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You need to login to reply- winniek
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- preparing to start up a nitrification reactor for human urine
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Thanks for the attached and I have already read through the paper.
I was thinking of using this "hybrid membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was
used for the nitrification experiment" as i believe i wont have easy access to the Kaldnes rings.
I have seen the reactor but if you have more pictures of it. I would be grateful as i will get a better understanding on the set-up
Attachments:
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MABR.jpg (Filesize: 44KB)
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Process Engineering
Dübendorf, Switzerland
Recover nutrients!
www.vuna.ch
On-site treatment going to extremes: www.bluediversiontoilet.com
On the bookshelf: Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management
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You need to login to reply- winniek
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- preparing to start up a nitrification reactor for human urine
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did you anaylse the effluent N- concentrations, i.e. NH4+, NO2- and NO3- ? is so what was were there.
If the urine was partially nitrified does it mean only 50% of ammonium was converted to N03- . In that case what happened to the rest of the NH4+ when the effluent proceeded to the vacuum distiller
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You need to login to replyIn our current system we use biofilm carriers. The fill rate is about 60%. The biofilm carriers are mixed by aeration and the oxygen concentration is therefore close to saturation. The maximum ammonia oxidation rate is about 400 gN/m3/d. The minimum hydraulic retention time can be calculated based on the ammonia concentration in the influent and the ammonia oxidation rate. For example, if the ammonia concentration in the influent is 4000 gN/m3/d, the hydraulic retention time will be 5 days, because half of the ammonia is oxidized.
The pH has to be kept in a narrow range by adjusting the influent rate. If the influent concentration and the temperature are constant, this can done by hand otherwise you might want to use a process controller, which keeps the pH in a narrow range of 0.1 units by switching the influent on and off. An optimal pH value is 6.
A detailed description of our pilot reactor can be downloaded at:
www.eawag.ch/forschung/eng/gruppen/vuna/...Udert_2013_Vancouver
Let me know, if you need any additional information.
Kai
Process Engineering
Dübendorf, Switzerland
Recover nutrients!
www.vuna.ch
On-site treatment going to extremes: www.bluediversiontoilet.com
On the bookshelf: Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management
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You need to login to reply- winniek
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- preparing to start up a nitrification reactor for human urine
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I am interested in carrying out a similar lab experiment and i would want to know more about the reactor set up that you used. What type of reactor, what was the flow rate the Hydraulic retention time , the volumes the concentration of the Dissolved oxygen. Basically the methodology and reactor set up. Thank you very much
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You need to login to replyRe: VUNA - Valorisation of Urine Nutrients in Africa (EAWAG, Switzerland, and South Africa)
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Thank your very much for your reply. The pilot project is acceptable. I will look at the TUN project as mentioned.
Thanks
Scott
Chen Xiang Yang, an apple dealer,is growing apples and cherries with the human waste collected from 31 school UDDTs donated by SOHO China Foundation, based in Tianshui City, Gansu Province , China. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., tel:0086 151 9380 3972
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- VUNA - Valorisation of Urine Nutrients in Africa (EAWAG, Switzerland, and South Africa)