The article above is about this study where they talk about products of particular gram-negative bacteria and clostridia as inhibiting enzymes in the TCA cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle and citric acid cycle, normally viewed (and taught) as sterile process.

But these microbes are intracellular, meaning inside of human cells lowering energy production. Combined with a poor diet it's called "malnutrition" when it's really malabsorption syndrome due to environmental enteropathy, result of poor sanitation and poor medical choices.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/

Children are born imbalanced, a matter of poor microbial predisposition via placental transmission as with malaria and leishmaniasis. Placental transmission of microbes is a fairly new way of viewing health, in the news recently:
www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-b...-shape-human-health/
stm.sciencemag.org/content/6/237/237ra65
news.sciencemag.org/biology/2014/05/plac...-impact-fetal-health
www.nytimes.com/2014/05/22/health/study-...rns-health.html?_r=0

We're confusing malabsorption syndrome due to environmental enteropathy with malnutrition.

“Gut Microbes Contribute to Mysterious Malnutrition” in National Geographic.
phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01...iorkor-malnutrition/

In that presentation, there's much discussion about children eating chicken feces as cause of environmental enteropathy. But what if this activity is actually caused by environmental enteropathy?

Many creatures consume waste of others and their own kind for reasons of health. Elephants eat one another's waste before it even hits the ground. Dogs are well known to consume feces of other animals, especially when they're sick. They do this to obtain missing enzymes and microorganisms.
blog.naturalhealthyconcepts.com/2014/05/17/why-dogs-eat-poop/

That presentation was if I remember correctly from a webinar a few months back. I think it was mentioned on the sanitation updates blog.

Edit: www.fsnnetwork.org/webinars/USAID-Webina...Enteropathy-and-WASH

Dear Elisabeth,

I'm glad to note that you (as always!!!) enjoy my output.

About that question - from where I got them - well, it is pretty difficult to answer, simply because I don't remember from where I got them. Typically, sometimes people send them to me; at times it is that I request for them; sometimes it is from one link to another; and so on.

Regards,

F H Mughal
PS: Yes, environmental enteropathy is also called as tropical enteropathy.

Thank you, Mughal, I enjoyed in particular your second attachment which is a powerpoint presentation by researchers from Cornell University (Division of Nutritional Sciences) in the US with lots of interesting information - easy to read & understand - about environmental enteropathy (seems to be the alternative term for "tropical enteropathy").

Could you please indicate where you got the presentation from? Did you find it via a general Google search or was it sent to you? I noticed that they mentioned funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation which I thought was interesting.

Funding:
Gates, DFID, CIDA, NIH, Wellcome Trust, UNICEF

Regards,
Elisabeth

Please have a look at the 2 attached reports.

F H Mughal

Yes, JK, I realize it's been discussed as I've been part of those discussions. I just wanted to share the new article to demonstrate how environmental enteropathy continues to be confused with malnutrition. I believe more priority will be placed on sanitation when people understand the problem.

You may have provided this 2012 paper in another thread, but it's worthwhile reposting:
Environmental Enteropathy: Critical implications of a poorly understood condition
europepmc.org/articles/PMC3372657

Aside from antibiotic abuse, I believe poor sanitation and possibly vaccination are the major causes of environmental enteropathy. There are no studies about the effect of childhood vaccines on microbial balance and I believe this is the likely mechanism behind vaccine injury: collateral damage to flora.

This is currently a hot-topic under the term "environmental enteropathy" and has been discussed on this boards before *. It's closely related to the use of antibiotics in intensive livestock production as so called "growth enhancers".

* Here: forum.susana.org/forum/categories/92-nut...child-undernutrition
and here: forum.susana.org/forum/categories/92-nut...m-veterinary-science

Please see this recent article where "malnutrition" is treated with antibiotics in Malawi. Would the health condition be more accurately called "malabsorption syndrome" due to poor sanitation?
www.pri.org/stories/2014-04-30/malnouris...fe-saving-drugs-they

The same issue seems to take place with ineffective vaccination programs said to be a matter of malnutrition when it may actually be a sanitation issue causing gut dysbiosis. It's not necessarily what we eat, but what we can absorb based on intestinal health and microbial balance.