Canada-based CAWST (Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology) has produced a valuable resource titled Latrine Design and Construction. It is, in fact, meant for the trainers. The 71.5 MB resource, available at

resources.cawst.org/collection/latrine-d...-workshop_en?lang=en,

has been produced in simple and easy-to-understand style. It is a comprehensive resource, covering a range of topics, like latrine construction manual, designing and selecting latrines, wastewater basics, introduction to sanitation, excreta storage, emptying and transport, siting latrines, sizing latrines pits, and trench design. It also has a section on school sanitation.

Almost all publications of CAWST are meant for developing countries, and thus, are specific to the conditions prevailing in the developing countries. Those engaged in latrine design and construction will find the resource useful and informative.

F H Mughal