Hi all,

in case you have not see the WHO guideline: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low-cost Settings:
apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665...quence=1&isAllowed=y

And for UDDT here is a code of practice for UDDT:
www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resource...library/details/2764

Here you find also some information on numbers of students per toilet which might be useful:
repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi...&context=wh2ojournal

Best regards
Claudia

Thanks for these pointers, Kris. Very useful.

Umesh: in case you have overlooked it: this thread has two pages. You'll find some answers to your questions on Page 1 of this thread.

Elisabeth

This depends on the building-code of the country in question. But typically figures are similar and some general guidelines from UNICEF are available, but unless you are legally required to adhere to the building-code it is worth asking some additional questions like:

- Are students allowed to leave class or does it all concentrate on the short breaks?

- Do students go home for lunch break (or is it only half-day classes anyways)?

- How many regular toilets are there as substitutes (and are those gender separated and/or partially exclusive for teachers)?

- How many simultaneous students are to be expected (think about alternating morning / afternoon classes for age groups)?

- How many times a day does it get cleaned / maintained?

Thus all in all it is hard to give a clear answer to this other then what might or might not be required by the national building-code.

How student is to urinal ratio is calculated?

Means, for 100 students, how many urinals are required and what basis those are getting calculated?

Thnk you all for your support and sharing various design and standsrds for calculating toilets and urinals required for schools.

Binesh

Sadly I have only come across one report that attempted to estimate the demand for toilets at schools (this focused on urinals - UNICEF Kenya, 2012). How can we possibly begin designing without first conducting studies to determine the peeing and pooping demands at the schools in question? The demand will depend on numerous factors including how many hours the pupils are in school on a typical day. For schools with two separate shifts, the pupils will be there for fewer hours and hence less demand to use a toilet - pupils may need to pee but maybe not to poop, especially if they're encouraged by their parents to always go to the toilet before leaving for school. Other factors will include the age range of the pupils attending the school - younger pupils may need to use a toilet more frequently than older pupils. Or if the school has a mix of day students and boarding students the demand from these two groups maybe different. Peeing demand may be higher during cold weather etc. If anyone knows of any such school toilet demand studies, please let me know. If there are none maybe now's the time to propose participatory ways of doing this? We may find (like the Kenya study) that we're underestimating peeing needs. And who knows, maybe we're overestimating the pooping needs and wasting resources building cubicles that are more often used for peeing than pooping! Let's start doing this work more thoughtfully than simply relying on commonly quoted ratios that don't seem to be supported by any evidence. Please correct me if I'm wrong.

The study by Catarina Fonseca had been initiated through the BRAC WASH programme in Bangladesh. There has been no such study done in another country.
Kind regards,
T. van Daalen

Dear Mr. Roy

An initiative was taken in this regard by the School Education Department in collaboration with UNICEF in 2015. A protocol for equitable access to WASH facilities have been developed in the state and guidelines issued. The protocol include water point children ratio for hand washing with soap in schools, toilet children ratio, drinking water safety and security etc. I am attaching the guidelines as well as policy decisions taken by the state government to roll out the protocol.`

Hello,
In Democratic Republic of Congo, we have a vast program for WASH in Schools, with an implementation guidelines. I'll send it to you then you will appreciate if it will be useful for you

That is an interesting study for Bangladesh. Has Catarina Fonseca done a similar study for Pakistan?

Thank you,

F H Mughal

Hi,
My colleague Catarina Fonseca has done a study on toilet use and costing in Bangladesh which may be helpful. You can access the study on the IRC website: www.ircwash.org/resources/school-wash-pr...cycle-costs-approach
Hope this is useful.
Best regards

I'm glad to note that my contribution was helpful to you. Yes, I also found those documents to be very useful. They give good details.

Good luck in your work.

F H Mughal