My name is Christophe Muanda ( This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it - twitter-@muandac) - tel: 0027219596813
A researcher at CWSR based at Cape Peninsula University of Technology
My research focus is water and sanitation in peri-urban and informal settlements; also interested in sanitation technology innovation targeting rural and urban informal settlements.

An ongoing research by the CWSR entitled" Management of faecal sludge from the MobiSan)" aimed at assessing the current management practices with the view to develop/suggest an environmentally faecal sludge management option for consideration.

According to the MobiSan designers, the main intention was to collect and discard faecal sludge and urine at a nearby treatment work. However, given the nature of faecal sludge produced, the disposal at treatment works was found impossible as the faecal sludge was not accepted for various reasons.

The contractors decided to apply number of management practices that were found to be misaligned with the good practices. Disposing faecal sludge into sewer, stormwater drain, transportation to a landfill site etc, were all found inadequate and expensive, hence alternative options needed.

The research team is currently looking at various options and selct a some for considerations, and to some extent piloting. Findings will be discussed in coming months.

What is in your view a sustainable way for managing faecal sludge in an informal settlement context?

Chris Muanda

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Link to my paper on this topic at the recent FSM-2 Conference in Durban:
www.susana.org/lang-en/library?view=ccbk...p;type=2&id=1624

Link to my presentation:
www.susana.org/lang-en/conference-and-tr...conferences/781-fsm2
(find the presentation in Session B4 at, or use this direct link:
www.susana.org/images/documents/07-cap-d...ity-south-africa.pdf)

I received the following reply by Adriaan Mels by e-mail which he allowed me to post here:

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The MSc thesis which he mentioned by David Castellano is available here in the SuSanA library:
Castellano Fabrega, D. (2007). Decision support tool for the appropriate selection of sanitation systems. MSc Thesis, Urban and Environmental Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

www.susana.org/lang-en/library?view=ccbk...p;type=2&id=1642

The thesis is from 5 years ago and still valid - a good example that one has to be patient when it comes to sanitation implementation....!

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Christophe Muanda wrote afterwards:

I had a discussion with Adriaan regarding the management of faecal sludge from the MobiSan and agreed that:
- Increasing the drying period to 9 months may be enhance the drying process
- Increasing the drying agent (saw dust) dosage in the vaults used by children and female and at the nightsoil disposal may be tested as well.
- Provide additional aeration (from the bottom of the vault) and by not allowing faecal sludge to be in direct contact with the vault floor will increase the drying process.

These issues should be explored in order to ensure that the FS is dry, safe for handling and reuse or disposal.

Chris